Kidney Cancer

Kidney cancer is the seventh most common cancer diagnosed in Australian men and the eleventh most common cancer in women. The most common type of cancer affecting the kidneys is renal cell carcinoma (RCC).  In fact, approximately 90% of all kidney cancers are RCC.  Usually only one kidney is affected, but in rare cases the cancer may develop in both kidneys.  Early diagnosis improves a patient’s chance of survival and when discovered at an early stage, generally respond well to treatment.  Large tumour or tumours that have metastasised (spread) through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to other parts of the body are more difficult to treat and increase the risk of mortality.

In some instances only part of the affected kidney will be removed, usually tumours that are smaller than 4cm, or when they are situated in an area of the kidney that is suitable for a partial removal.  Partial nephrectomies are considered in patients of young age and in those who already have impaired kidney function.

Not all kidney tumours, even when malignant, require surgery.  In selected cases observation may be recommended.   Sometimes small tumours can be eradicated using destructive energy such as cryotherapy (freezing the tumour) or radio frequency ablation. This option is usually considered in surgically unfit fit patients (the elderly, frail or high risk patients).

A radical nephrectomy involves removing the entire kidney.  This can often be done using a keyhole or laparoscopic approach and this also applies to a nephroureterectomy as well.  Laparoscopic or Robotic assisted approaches are considered in some cases of partial nephrectomy.  Where the tumour is advanced or involves major blood vessels, an open surgery approach will be considered.  The Capital Urology Centre is able to offer all options.

The information on this website is provided to reinforce any advice you have received from your GP and others involved in your care and is not intended to replace discussions with your doctor.